Land Rover Things

Monday, May 28, 2007

Monday, February 5, 2007

The light-weight was a Land-Rover specially lightened so that it could be easily lifted by helicopter. Much of the bodywork can be quickly removed for air-transport. Most came as soft-tops, a few as hard-tops; many of the former are converted to HT when in private hands.
Dates
• 1968: S2A Air-transportable `Light-Weight' or `half-ton' introduced.
• 1970: Headlights moved to wings.
• 1972: S3 version.
• 1976: Diesel engine offered.
• 1983: End of production.
History

History
Paul Hazell, p.hazell at worc.ac.uk, © 1995.
Rover tried several times in the sixties to develop Land Rovers specifically for military use recognising there strength in this market. However the only vehicle that survived beyond the experimental stage was the 1/2 ton Lightweight. The prototype was drawn up in about 1965 to meet a specific requirement for an air-portable vehicle for the British Armed Forces. The British Military General Staff stipulated that the light 4x4 truck had to be narrow enough to fit two-abreast into the Argosy transport aircraft, then in service, and weigh in at about 1,134 kgs (2,500lbs) unladen weight to be carried under the Wessex, the current "run about" helicopter of the armed forces.
The prototype vehicle was initially based on the general service version of the 1/4 ton (which refers to its payload, not its weight) 88" Series IIA. The long wheel base (109") was also considered due to its improved load area, but there was no way that it could be made light enough.
To get the Land Rover to meet the weight target the 1/4 ton vehicle was completely stripped then rebuilding with only the items deemed essential to make the vehicle mobile being added. Therefore items such as doors, windscreen, some body panels, spare wheel, hood and the rear seats were not needed. The vehicle finally ended up as a chassis equipped with very a simple angular body with a narrow bulkhead (fire wall) and axles to fit in the Argosy. The body's aesthetic being determined by the need to cover the wheels and house the side lights/indicators with the head lights being placed in the grill Leaving a very stark looking vehicle.
The hood, spare wheel, body sides, bumper etc. could be removed quickly in the field and flown on as a separate package, after the vehicle had been airlifted to the scene of operations. As it turned out this ability to be stripped down, the very thing that dictated its appearance, was rarely used in practice , because by the time the Lightweight came into service there were new more powerful helicopters available to transport it.
Having been shown in prototype form in 1966, the project moved on to the production phase in 1968. Very little changed from the prototype, a new style front grill was added (similar to the SII general service) and a narrower bumper was designed and the vehicle was up rated to 1/2 a ton payload. It was available from day one as either a General Service model with a 12-volt electrical system or as a 24-volt FFR (fitted for radio), fully suppressed version. Examples began to enter service in 1969. All of the first batch shared the running gear with the civilian SIIA, all had petrol engines and were delivered to all three wings of the British Armed Forces with the vast majority going to the army. They were officially referred to as the "Land Rover Series IIA Truck, Utility, 1/2 ton, 4x4" or simply as the "Rover 1" In all 2,989 series IIAs were built.
Rover didn't start to build the Series III lightweight until 1972 when it had cleared its outstanding SII orders for the MOD. It was at this point Rover began to offer the Lightweight to overseas buyers. And in time orders were received from Belgium, Brunei, Guyana, Holland, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Jamaica, Libya, Saudi Arabia and the Sudan. The differences between the series III and the series II were the same as those found in the civilian version i.e. the headlights were moved to the wings (actually this had already happened in 1970 to the later SIIs) and the gearbox now had synchromesh on all forward gears rather than just 3rd and 4th.

Most Lightweights had the 2.25L petrol engine, however the British Armed Forces did take some with diesels for specialist uses. In fact all those supplied to the Netherlands were Diesel powered. Bodies were generally soft top but hard top versions could be ordered. 12,334 Series III were built up to 1980. Records after that year are patchy but it is reckoned that about 18,000 Lightweights were built up until production stopped somewhere between 1983 & 1985. The Lightweight was replaced by the Land Rover 90, however some still soldier on in specialist roles and many still serve at weekends with the Territorial Army. Some people think it's an ugly little thing, personally I think it has a certain beauty in its functional appearance.

The light-weight was a Land-Rover specially lightened so that it could be easily lifted by helicopter. Much of the bodywork can be quickly removed for air-transport. Most came as soft-tops, a few as hard-tops; many of the former are converted to HT when in private hands.
Dates
• 1968: S2A Air-transportable `Light-Weight' or `half-ton' introduced.
• 1970: Headlights moved to wings.
• 1972: S3 version.
• 1976: Diesel engine offered.
• 1983: End of production.
History
Paul Hazell, p.hazell at worc.ac.uk, © 1995.
Rover tried several times in the sixties to develop Land Rovers specifically for military use recognising there strength in this market. However the only vehicle that survived beyond the experimental stage was the 1/2 ton Lightweight. The prototype was drawn up in about 1965 to meet a specific requirement for an air-portable vehicle for the British Armed Forces. The British Military General Staff stipulated that the light 4x4 truck had to be narrow enough to fit two-abreast into the Argosy transport aircraft, then in service, and weigh in at about 1,134 kgs (2,500lbs) unladen weight to be carried under the Wessex, the current "run about" helicopter of the armed forces.
The prototype vehicle was initially based on the general service version of the 1/4 ton (which refers to its payload, not its weight) 88" Series IIA. The long wheel base (109") was also considered due to its improved load area, but there was no way that it could be made light enough.
To get the Land Rover to meet the weight target the 1/4 ton vehicle was completely stripped then rebuilding with only the items deemed essential to make the vehicle mobile being added. Therefore items such as doors, windscreen, some body panels, spare wheel, hood and the rear seats were not needed. The vehicle finally ended up as a chassis equipped with very a simple angular body with a narrow bulkhead (fire wall) and axles to fit in the Argosy. The body's aesthetic being determined by the need to cover the wheels and house the side lights/indicators with the head lights being placed in the grill Leaving a very stark looking vehicle.
The hood, spare wheel, body sides, bumper etc. could be removed quickly in the field and flown on as a separate package, after the vehicle had been airlifted to the scene of operations. As it turned out this ability to be stripped down, the very thing that dictated its appearance, was rarely used in practice , because by the time the Lightweight came into service there were new more powerful helicopters available to transport it.
Having been shown in prototype form in 1966, the project moved on to the production phase in 1968. Very little changed from the prototype, a new style front grill was added (similar to the SII general service) and a narrower bumper was designed and the vehicle was up rated to 1/2 a ton payload. It was available from day one as either a General Service model with a 12-volt electrical system or as a 24-volt FFR (fitted for radio), fully suppressed version. Examples began to enter service in 1969. All of the first batch shared the running gear with the civilian SIIA, all had petrol engines and were delivered to all three wings of the British Armed Forces with the vast majority going to the army. They were officially referred to as the "Land Rover Series IIA Truck, Utility, 1/2 ton, 4x4" or simply as the "Rover 1" In all 2,989 series IIAs were built.
Rover didn't start to build the Series III lightweight until 1972 when it had cleared its outstanding SII orders for the MOD. It was at this point Rover began to offer the Lightweight to overseas buyers. And in time orders were received from Belgium, Brunei, Guyana, Holland, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Jamaica, Libya, Saudi Arabia and the Sudan. The differences between the series III and the series II were the same as those found in the civilian version i.e. the headlights were moved to the wings (actually this had already happened in 1970 to the later SIIs) and the gearbox now had synchromesh on all forward gears rather than just 3rd and 4th.

Most Lightweights had the 2.25L petrol engine, however the British Armed Forces did take some with diesels for specialist uses. In fact all those supplied to the Netherlands were Diesel powered. Bodies were generally soft top but hard top versions could be ordered. 12,334 Series III were built up to 1980. Records after that year are patchy but it is reckoned that about 18,000 Lightweights were built up until production stopped somewhere between 1983 & 1985. The Lightweight was replaced by the Land Rover 90, however some still soldier on in specialist roles and many still serve at weekends with the Territorial Army. Some people think it's an ugly little thing, personally I think it has a certain beauty in its functional appearance.

SIII

Note Smiths Heater
Special Versions of the Lightweight
Several "special" Lightweights were produced over the years.
Emergency ambulance
This version was designed as an emergency forward area ambulance. It was capable of carrying two stretcher cases by the addition of a canvas "box" protruding from the rear.
Anti-tank vehicle
This was a special conversion by Marshall of Cambridge Ltd to meet a requirement from the Sudan government. They came standard with a 106mm recoilless light anti-tank gun M40A1 and mount M79, Seats for the crew, storage for ammo, blast shields to protect the bonnet when firing forwards, split windscreen, a pick and a shovel. Some versions were built minus a bonnet mounted spare wheel to improve visibility. Apparently some saw action in the Gulf war. A similar specification is now offered on the Defender 90.
Royal Marine deep wading Lightweight
Some Lightweights were specially prepared for deep wading between landing craft and the beach by the Royal Marines own workshops (as were some 109"s, 110s etc.). To protect against salt water special anti corrosion treatment was added as well as adaptations to the engine fan, air intake, fuel tank, gearbox, transfer box, battery, and most importantly the electrical systems. The vehicles had a very reduced life span due to the harsh environment they had to work in (I wouldn't buy one second hand!)
VPK Lightweight
Some Lightweights stationed in Northern Ireland received the a VPK (vehicle protection kit) of applique armour to protect against blast bombs, rocks etc. Cheerful stuff. This was done by the Army in its own work shops. Only one example survives in civilian hands.
The "Big Lightweight" or "Bonnettea" 3/4 ton
This was a private venture by Land Rover to produce an air-portable vehicle designed for pulling power-driven trailers. It was similar in style to the 1/2ton and used some components from it. It was powered by Rovers 2.6L 6cyl petrol engine. It only reached prototype stage in 1965 with just 3 being produced.
Ligero/88" Militar
This was the Santana version of the lightweight (available from 1970). The military version, known as the 88" Militar was produced for the Spanish army as well as Morocco and Egypt. Unlike the British version it was also available as a civilian fun buggy - the Ligero. The vehicle was considerably heavier than the British Lightweight.
Other interesting Lightweights
There were also other "specialist" lightweights, such as the small fleet of bronze green vehicles run by the Honourable Artillery Company in London.
These vehicles are decked out with white wheel covers, white seats, white hubs and chrome bumpers. They are open top but with the screen up. They are used for towing 25-pounder guns which are used in ceremonial salutes. I saw some recently ('95) on British TV as part of the Lord Mayor of London's parade - very fancy.
There were also other specialist Lightweights but they were all mechanically basically the same as the standard general service vehicle.

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© 1994 . . . now, L. Allison, http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/4/4/
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Tuesday, January 30, 2007

Land Rover Time Line

Land Rover Timeline from Ford Media with some minor updates

1948: The first production Land Rover is introduced at the Amsterdam Auto Show on April 30th. The vehicle is equipped with 80" wheelbase, permanent four-wheel drive, canvas roof and optional doors.
1950: The metal hardtop is offered as an alternative to the canvas roof.
1954: The first long wheelbase is offered (107"). The short wheelbase model becomes 86". 1956: Both short and long wheelbase models gain two inches (88" and 109").
1957: The first diesel-powered Land Rover is produced.
1958: "Series II" is launched with more refined styling. Earlier vehicles are now referred to as "Series I."

1959: November: the 250,000th Land Rover is produced.
1962: Land Rover Series IIA is launched.
1968: Headlamps are moved from the radiator grill to the front fenders.
1970: Two-door Range Rover is introduced with a 3.5 liter V8 engine.
1971: The "Series III" Land Rover is launched in October with synchromesh gearbox, new radiator grill and new interior.
1978: Land Rover Ltd. is formed with plans to double production by the 1980s.
1979: The 109" Land Rover V8 is launched.
1981: Land Rover vehicles are chosen as the only vehicles to be used in future Camel Trophy competitions.
The four-door Range Rover is introduced.
1982: The Land Rover "County" station wagon is launched, featuring a more refined interior. 1983: The Land Rover 110 model is introduced.
1984: The Land Rover 90 is launched.
1986: Range Rover of North America, Inc. establishes its headquarters in Lanham, Maryland with Charles R. Hughes as President and CEO.
1987: The first U.S. specification Range Rovers go on sale in the United States on March 16th. 1988: Land Rover is bestowed with its 4th Royal Warrant. Land Rover is the only vehicle manufacturer to possess all four Royal Warrants.
Rover Group is purchased by British Aerospace, August 11th, 1988.
1989: Discovery is launched in Europe at the Frankfurt Auto Show.
Range Rover is honored as "Four Wheeler of the Year" by Four Wheeler magazine.
Range Rover of North America conducts The Great Divide Expedition.
1990: The Defender Range, based on the Land Rover 90 and 110 series, is introduced.
1991: Four-door Discovery is launched in Europe.
1992: Range Rover of North America, Inc. becomes Land Rover North America, Inc. October: Range Rover County LWB (108" wheelbase) is launched.
1993: November: Defender 90 soft top with V8 power is launched as a 1994 model.
1994: February: The Rover Group is purchased by BMW.
April: Land Rover Discovery goes on sale.
October: The first all-new Range Rover in 25 years is launched at the Paris Motor Show.
The first Land Rover Centre opens.
1995: The Range Rover County Classic is launched in North America, and is briefly sold along side the new Range Rover.
1996: The 1997 model year Defender 90 with an automatic transmission is announced at the New York Auto Show.
The first TReK competition for Retailer teams is held.
1997: Land Rover launches Freelander in Europe at the Frankfurt Motor Show. Land Rover North America's new Corporate Headquarters building and Land Rover University are dedicated.
1998: Discovery Series II is launched on September 29th at the Paris Motor Show.
1999: Discovery Series II enters the North American market in January with the first redesign of Land Rover's popular Discovery model.
Land Rover North America sets an all-time sales record, reaching 29,380 vehicles, a 37% increase over calendar year 1998.
2000: Land Rover Group, Ltd., a newly created company separate from Rover Group, is purchased from BMW AG by Ford Motor Company on June 30th, 2000.
Robert A. Dover is named Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Land Rover Group, Ltd.
2001: Ford Motor Company's Premier Automotive Group forms a new North American sales and marketing organization, consisting of Aston Martin, Jaguar, Land Rover, Lincoln Mercury and Volvo.
The five-door, V6 Freelander is launched in North America.
October: First Global TReK.
2002: Third generation Range Rover is launched. This is only the third redesign of the model in thirty years.
July: Discovery 4.6 is launched with substantial improvements, including styling, power, mechanical refinement and interior comfort.
December: Freelander SE3, the 3-door version, is launched.
Freelander is named one of Automobile Magazine's "All Stars".
2003: March: Land Rover launches inaugural adventure competition, the Land Rover G4 Challenge.
The 2003 Range Rover receives high acclaim in the media and was named one of Automobile Magazine's "All Stars", Money magazine's Best Large SUV, one of Edmunds.com "Editor's Most Wanted Vehicles for 2003", Robb Report's "Car of the Year 2003" - second place, and recognized for the innovative interior in Architectural Digest's "Great Design Issue".
2004: LR3 (Discovery 3) is launched
2005: Range Rover Sport is launched
The Range Rover Supercharged is launched
along with a refresh for the entire 2006 m.y
2006 Updated Defender is launched
2007 LR2 (Freelander 2) is launched

The Range Rover is refreshed for 2007 with an updated technology & interior

Land Rover Wolf

The Land Rover Wolf is a military utility vehicle in service with UK Armed Forces and the Dutch Marine Corps. The vehicle is famous for being the primary utility vehicle of the British Army.

The term "Wolf" was a project name used by Land Rover to cover the British Army's recent range of vehicles. The name is not officially used by the MOD but adopted by soldiers as a generic term. The project designations were MOD: Higher Specification (HS) or Land Rover Ltd: eXtra Duty (XD) and there are twenty-three variants. [1]. The term "Wolf" should not be confused with the militarised Mercedes Geländewagen based "Wolf" marketed by Rheinmetall Defence

The Wolf is a UK MOD bespoke militarised version of the Land Rover Defender. Designated in service as Truck Utility Light or Truck Utility Medium (TUL / TUM (HS)), the Wolf carries a variety of crews, equipment and communication and information systems for commanders.

Some Wolf Land Rovers are winterised and waterproofed: a snorkel allows the vehicle to wade through water up to windscreen level and an engine fluids heater is fitted to pre-warm the engine – along with the other modifications to enable the vehicle and crew to operate in extreme conditions. Other vehicles are stripped down and fitted with roll cages and weapons mounts – the Weapons Mount Installation Kit (pronounced ‘Wimik’[1]) – for use as reconnaissance and close fire support vehicles. Typically the vehicle will carry one 12.7 mm Heavy Machine Gun and a 7.62 mm General Purpose Machine Gun. In late 2006, the MoD announced it was purchasing 40 new belt fed Automatic Lightweight Grenade Launchers (ALGL) made by Heckler and Koch (HK GMG) that can fire up to 360 grenades per minute up to 1.5 km away, they are to be mounted on WMIKs in Afghanistan. More orders may follow depending on performance.
he vehicles have become eminent as the symbol of British forces in Iraq. In keeping with their hearts and minds philosophy they were chosen for patrol duties instead of armoured fighting vehicles such as the Challenger 2 MBT and the Warrior IFV. Following a spate of incidents, there has been concern that the unarmoured nature of the Wolf exposes the crews to excessive danger.

Land Rover is being supplemented by the now British built Pinzgauer and the new Alvis Panther in some utility and liasion roles.

Spesification :

Land Rover Wolf
General characteristics
Crew 2+4 passengers
Length 5.17 m
Width 2.49 m
Height 2.63 m
Weight 1.60 tonnes
Armour and armament
Armour
Main armament 12.7mm heavy machine gun
Secondary armament 7.62mm general purpose machine gun
Mobility
Power plant Land Rover 300 Tdi engine
111 hp (83 kW)
Suspension Wheel 4×4
Road speed 160 km/h
Power/weight hp/tonne
Range 510 km

Sumber : Wikipedia

Sunday, January 28, 2007

Identify Land Rover

The Series One Land Rover

Series I (General): Flat door hinges. No sills. A single marker light on the front of the wing. The windscreen is taller than on later vehicles. The most famous Series I Land Rover is the "AntiChrist" that stars in the movie "The Gods Must Be Crazy"
• Series I 80" (1949-1954): The doors are tapered. Earlier 80"s have the headlamps behind the galvanized metal grill, later 80" have them peeking through the metal grill. The instrument panel on an 80" is vertically narrow with rounded ends. The fresh air vents are square ended. There are no side sills.

• Series I 86"(1954-1956): The instrument panel is similar to a Series II or IIA, being a large rectangular panel in the Centrex of the dashboard. The doors on the 86" are not tapered like the 80", but are straight. There are no sills under the doors. The headlamp rims are body colored. From the side, the bottom portion, behind the front tire, of the front wing is equal in length to the bottom portion, ahead of the rear tire, of the rear box.
• Series I 88"(1957-1958): Very similar to a 86" Land Rover , but the front bumper is thicker (vertically), chrome headlamp rims, inverted T grille. From the side, the bottom portion, behind the front tire, of the front wing is about 1-2 inches longer than the length of the bottom portion, ahead of the rear tire, of the rear box. Canadian spec. SI 88" has one piece doors with no galvanized strip to denote where the top and bottom door mated. The interior is well padded with insulation, the front vents do not open. There is a heater box that extends across the cab under the dash, the air inlet being on the inside panel of the right wing in front of the breakfast panel. There are known to be four 107" Land Rover station wagons imported into Canada with these doors. [If you want to break the rules of this Guide, open the door and look at the Serial Number. A Canadian spec vehicle has a "C" suffix.]

The Series II Land Rover

• Series II(1958-1961): The Series II has sills under the wing/door/box section. The waist is curved, bulging out from under the side windows. There are a pair of side lights on the front of the wings horizontally mounted. For the observant, the dash vents on the earlier Series II are opened with a large round crank knob. The vents themselves are held on by screws to the hinges (while the IIA are spot welded). The steering differs in that the steering arms are above the axle, unlike below on the IIA.
Canadian spec. SII 88" (and a number of American hardtops) Land Rovers have one piece front doors. It is heavily insulated inside and came with two heaters.
The Series IIA Land Rover
Series IIA (General)(1962-1972): Unlike the USA, both 88" and 109" models were imported into Canada until the end of 1972. In the US the last 109" SIIAs were imported in 1968 and SIIA 88" until 1971.
o Early Land Rover Series IIA(1962-1967): Headlamps are on the breakfast. Tall sills under the doors, about four inches in height. Steering tie rods connect under the axles. Dash is painted body co lour. Separate windscreen wiper motors. Mirrors on the wings. To many, this is the "Classic" Land-Rover.
Note: There is at least one Canadian Early IIA with factory headlamps in the wings, but this is extremely rare.
o Transitional IIA Land Rover(1968/9?) (a few thousand built): Headlamps on the wings, but surface mounted giving a "bugeye" look. Grille was an inverted T, but the wide portion is nearly the height of the Centrex portion. Rest of details similar to the Late IIA.
o Late Series IIA Land Rover(1968/9-1971): Headlamps are on the wings, but the radiator panel is covered by a metal galvanized grill (after 1969). The later IIA had a single, single speed, windshield motor (after 1967). The instrument panel is painted black, and not body co lour as on earlier vehicles. The sill panels are narrower, being approximately two inches tall, unlike the much wider panels on the earlier IIA's. (1969-71 door latches changed, changed again for III). Mirrors on the top door hinge.

The Series III Land Rover

o Series III(1972-85): Headlights on the front of the wings, a plastic grill and name badge. Other distinguishing features on a Series III will be the fascia and instruments. The Series III sported a revised fascia in black plastic where the instrumentation was moved from the Centrex of the dash to be in front of the driver. The door hinges are thick and flat, with a mirror mounted on the top hinge. The Series III has a single two speed wiper motor. Variants: The military 88" & 109" have a rectangular rear crossmember, generally over riders in the front bumper and straps to hold the bonnet mounted tire down.

o Stage One(summer 1979-1985: Although technically a SIII 109" Land Rover with a V8 engine, it is always listed as a separate model. The grill is pushed out flush with the wings. The grill itself is a wide pattern, square wire mesh. The Stage One Land Rover had leaf springs and a two piece, square edged windscreen. All Stage ones are 109", had a sticker on the rear quarter panel that said V8 and just above the wire mesh of the grill was a plate with "Land Rover". The "V8" sticker is also found below the Land Rover logo in back. The bonnet wraps down over the top of the breakfast. All other specs are as per the SIII.

90, 110, 127, 130, Defender

o 90/110/127/Defender(March 1983 to present): Until 1990 the model name was Land Rover 90, Land Rover 110 or Land Rover 127, after that date the model name was changed to Defender (i.e.. Defender 90), and The name Land Rover was applied to all Rovers. These Land Rovers are very similar to a Series III, but the front grille is pushed out to be even with the front of the wings. The headlamp plate on the front of the wing is painted black, as is the slatted grille. The bonnet extends forward over the grille. The Defender has a one piece windscreen that is about four inches taller than the Series II/IIA/III windscreen with rounded corners. There are black wheel arches that extend outwards over the wheels (which are called eyebrows). The Defender is coil sprung with disk brakes in front. If the badge in front just above the grille says "Defender" (or there are other stickers that say "Defender", then the vehicle is from 1990 or later. (The contra- positive is not true). Defenders/90/110/127/130s built after 1 October 1979 have a VIN number that begins "SALLD" or "SALD"
o NAS (North American Spec--1992-1995): Canadian NAS Defenders have daytime running lights, the American doesn't. Some NAS Defenders have "Land Rover" above the grille, other Defenders have "Defender" printed there. NAS Defender 110s came with a full external roll cage.
o NAS Defender 90s(1994-1995): Come with a partially external roll cage. They do not have windscreen hinges and the roll cage blocks the ability to hinge the windscreen anyway. The Rear cross member of has a welded on step running its whole length along the bottom of the cross member. The tail lights are arranged parallel to and just above i the top of the rear cross member. There are 3 on the left hand side and 2 on the right. A third brake light is mounted on the spare carrier (on the rear swing mounted) above the tyre. The door windows are sliding (like the series). There are side corner reflectors.

Military Land Rovers

o Lightweight(1968-1980): Flat sided with very large wheel arches. The front bumper sports over riders, the rear cross member is rectangular in shape, not being narrow on the ends and angled to a thick Centrex like regular Land Rovers. The wings are sharp edged, and the bonnet is square cornered, unlike the curved edges on regular Land Rovers. The bonnet has a height above the wings of about 8 inches. There is no visible opening for refueling, being under the seat like early Land Rovers. The doors are tapered. If you look carefully you will notice that the firewall/bulkhead is in two pieces with the dividing line flush with the top of the bonnet.
o Series IIA(1968-1972): These Land Rovers have the headlamps mounted on the breakfast protruding through the grill. There are two horizontally mounted side lights mounted on the wings. The front of the wings are cut off to just fit the side lights (about 2 inches), which are flush with edges top and bottom. The wheel arch is parallel to the ground from behind the front tyre to the front of the wing.
o Series III(1972-1980): They have the headlamps mounted in the wings. The wings are cut so that the headlight just fits. (so it is thicker (about 6 inches high) in front than the SIIA). The side marker lamps are mounted vertically on the outer edge of the wing. The front wheel arch is cuts up to about 2 inches from the top of the wing, turns parallel to the ground, then aims back down to the ground in front of the wheel. The door hinges are flat unlike any other Land Rover door hinge.

Forward Controls

o 109" Series IIA Forward Control(1960-1966): Cab over engine and front wheels. The bottom line of the body is a straight line (no wheel arches). There is a small eyebrow over the front wheels. The area covering the driver is usually a standard Land Rover pickup top. The nose extends about 1.5 feet in front of the front doors and has a rounded slope below from the bottom of the windscreen to the flat front grill area. Rounded rear mud flaps. The rear axle is mounted about the spring (like on any 109"). The front grille is rectangular with a curved top. The headlights are mounted about 8 inches above the bumper. Smooth body appearance. The tyres are mounted on 5 studs.
o 110" Series IIB Forward Control(1966-1973): It looks exactly like The 109" FC, except the headlights are mounted about an inch above the bumper, the rear mudflaps are squarer, and the rear axle is mounted below the spring.
o 101" Forward Control(1972-1978): A tall, flat nosed and imposing Land Rover riding on 900/16 tires. If what you are looking at looks like a big army truck and has Land Rover on the front, it is a 101. The 101 has wheel arches for all wheels. The headlights are mounted in the front bumper. The nose in front of the doors is angular and extends about 8 inches in front of the door. The rear body panels show perimeter ribs with sunken panels. The grille is square. The tyres are mounted on 6 studs. If the truck is big, angular, yellow, ugly, has Land Rover on it and claims to be a city cab, then it is a 101 FC in disguise for the movie Judge Dredd.